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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
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 * Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of either the GNU
 * General Public License Version 2 only ("GPL") or the Common Development
 * and Distribution License("CDDL") (collectively, the "License").  You
 * may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You can
 * obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://glassfish.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL_1_1.html
 * or packager/legal/LICENSE.txt.  See the License for the specific
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 * GPL Classpath Exception:
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 */
package org.glassfish.jersey.server;

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

import javax.ws.rs.core.GenericType;
import javax.ws.rs.ext.WriterInterceptor;

import javax.inject.Provider;

import org.glassfish.jersey.process.internal.RequestScope;
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.LocalizationMessages;
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.process.AsyncContext;
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.process.MappableException;
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.routing.UriRoutingContext;

/**
 * Used for sending messages in "typed" chunks. Useful for long running processes,
 * which needs to produce partial responses.
 *
 * @param <T> chunk type.
 * @author Pavel Bucek (pavel.bucek at oracle.com)
 * @author Martin Matula (martin.matula at oracle.com)
 * @author Marek Potociar (marek.potociar at oracle.com)
 */
// TODO:  something like prequel/sequel - usable for EventChannelWriter and XML related writers
public class ChunkedOutput<T> extends GenericType<T> implements Closeable {
    private static final byte[] NO_DELIM = new byte[0];

    private final BlockingDeque<T> queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<T>();
    private final byte[] chunkDelimiter;

    private volatile boolean closed = false;
    private boolean flushing = false;
    private volatile RequestScope requestScope;
    private volatile RequestScope.Instance requestScopeInstance;
    private volatile ContainerRequest requestContext;
    private volatile ContainerResponse responseContext;
    private volatile ServerRuntime.ConnectionCallbackRunner connectionCallbackRunner;
    private volatile Provider<AsyncContext> asyncContext;
    private volatile UriRoutingContext uriRoutingContext;

    /**
     * Create new {@code ChunkedOutput}.
     */
    protected ChunkedOutput() {
        this.chunkDelimiter = NO_DELIM;
    }

    /**
     * Create {@code ChunkedOutput} with specified type.
     *
     * @param chunkType chunk type. Must not be {code null}.
     */
    public ChunkedOutput(final Type chunkType) {
        super(chunkType);
        this.chunkDelimiter = NO_DELIM;
    }

    /**
     * Create new {@code ChunkedOutput} with a custom chunk delimiter.
     *
     * @param chunkDelimiter custom chunk delimiter bytes. Must not be {code null}.
     * @since 2.4.1
     */
    protected ChunkedOutput(byte[] chunkDelimiter) {
        if (chunkDelimiter.length > 0) {
            this.chunkDelimiter = new byte[chunkDelimiter.length];
            System.arraycopy(chunkDelimiter, 0, this.chunkDelimiter, 0, chunkDelimiter.length);
        } else {
            this.chunkDelimiter = NO_DELIM;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create new {@code ChunkedOutput} with a custom chunk delimiter.
     *
     * @param chunkType      chunk type. Must not be {code null}.
     * @param chunkDelimiter custom chunk delimiter bytes. Must not be {code null}.
     * @since 2.4.1
     */
    public ChunkedOutput(final Type chunkType, byte[] chunkDelimiter) {
        super(chunkType);
        if (chunkDelimiter.length > 0) {
            this.chunkDelimiter = new byte[chunkDelimiter.length];
            System.arraycopy(chunkDelimiter, 0, this.chunkDelimiter, 0, chunkDelimiter.length);
        } else {
            this.chunkDelimiter = NO_DELIM;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create new {@code ChunkedOutput} with a custom chunk delimiter.
     *
     * @param chunkDelimiter custom chunk delimiter string. Must not be {code null}.
     * @since 2.4.1
     */
    protected ChunkedOutput(String chunkDelimiter) {
        if (chunkDelimiter.isEmpty()) {
            this.chunkDelimiter = NO_DELIM;
        } else {
            this.chunkDelimiter = chunkDelimiter.getBytes();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create new {@code ChunkedOutput} with a custom chunk delimiter.
     *
     * @param chunkType      chunk type. Must not be {code null}.
     * @param chunkDelimiter custom chunk delimiter string. Must not be {code null}.
     * @since 2.4.1
     */
    public ChunkedOutput(final Type chunkType, String chunkDelimiter) {
        super(chunkType);
        if (chunkDelimiter.isEmpty()) {
            this.chunkDelimiter = NO_DELIM;
        } else {
            this.chunkDelimiter = chunkDelimiter.getBytes();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write a chunk.
     *
     * @param chunk a chunk instance to be written.
     * @throws IOException if this response is closed or when encountered any problem during serializing or writing a chunk.
     */
    public void write(final T chunk) throws IOException {
        if (closed) {
            throw new IOException(LocalizationMessages.CHUNKED_OUTPUT_CLOSED());
        }

        if (chunk != null) {
            queue.add(chunk);
        }

        flushQueue();
    }

    private void flushQueue() throws IOException {
        if (requestScopeInstance == null || requestContext == null || responseContext == null) {
            return;
        }

        Exception ex = null;
        try {
            requestScope.runInScope(requestScopeInstance, new Callable<Void>() {
                @Override
                public Void call() throws IOException {
                    boolean shouldClose;
                    T t;

                    synchronized (this) {
                        if (flushing) {
                            // if another thread is already flushing the queue, we don't have to do anything
                            return null;
                        }
                        // remember the closed flag before polling the queue
                        // (if we did it after, we could miss the last chunk as some other thread may add a chunk
                        // and set closed to true right after we have polled the queue (i.e. we'd think the queue is empty),
                        // but before we check if we should close - so we would close the stream leaving the last chunk
                        // undelivered)
                        shouldClose = closed;
                        t = queue.poll();
                        if (t != null || shouldClose) {
                            // no other thread is flushing this queue at the moment and it is not empty and/or we should close ->
                            // set the flushing flag so that other threads know it is already being taken care of
                            // and they don't have to bother
                            flushing = true;
                        }
                    }

                    while (t != null) {
                        try {
                            final OutputStream origStream = responseContext.getEntityStream();
                            final OutputStream writtenStream = requestContext.getWorkers().writeTo(
                                    t,
                                    t.getClass(),
                                    getType(),
                                    responseContext.getEntityAnnotations(),
                                    responseContext.getMediaType(),
                                    responseContext.getHeaders(),
                                    requestContext.getPropertiesDelegate(),
                                    origStream,
                                    // The output stream stored in the response context for this chunked output
                                    // is already intercepted as a whole (if there are any interceptors);
                                    // no need to intercept the individual chunks.
                                    Collections.<WriterInterceptor>emptyList());

                            if (chunkDelimiter != NO_DELIM) {
                                // if the chunked output is configured with a custom delimiter, use it
                                writtenStream.write(chunkDelimiter);
                            }

                            // flush the chunk (some writers do it, but some don't)
                            writtenStream.flush();

                            if (origStream != writtenStream) {
                                // if MBW replaced the stream, let's make sure to set it in the response context.
                                responseContext.setEntityStream(writtenStream);
                            }
                        } catch (IOException ioe) {
                            connectionCallbackRunner.onDisconnect(asyncContext.get());
                            throw ioe;
                        } catch (MappableException mpe) {
                            if (mpe.getCause() instanceof IOException) {
                                connectionCallbackRunner.onDisconnect(asyncContext.get());
                            }
                            throw mpe;
                        }
                        t = queue.poll();
                        if (t == null) {
                            synchronized (this) {
                                // queue seems empty
                                // check again in the synchronized block before clearing the flushing flag
                                // first remember the closed flag (this has to be before polling the queue,
                                // otherwise we could miss the last chunk)
                                shouldClose = closed;
                                t = queue.poll();
                                if (t == null) {
                                    // ok, it is really empty - if anyone adds a chunk while we are here,
                                    // other thread will take care of it -> flush the stream and unset
                                    // the flushing flag at the very end (to make sure it is unset only if no
                                    // exception is thrown)
                                    responseContext.commitStream();
                                    // if closing, we keep the "flushing" flag set, since no other thread needs to flush
                                    // this queue anymore - finally clause will take care of closing the stream
                                    flushing = shouldClose;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return null;
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception e) {
            closed = true;
            // remember the exception (it will get rethrown from finally clause, once it does it's work)
            ex = e;
        } finally {
            if (closed) {
                try {
                    responseContext.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // if no exception remembered before, remember this one
                    // otherwise the previously remembered exception (from catch clause) takes precedence
                    ex = ex == null ? e : ex;
                }

                requestScopeInstance.release();

                // rethrow remembered exception (if any)
                if (ex instanceof IOException) {
                    //noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                    throw (IOException) ex;
                } else if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
                    //noinspection ThrowFromFinallyBlock
                    throw (RuntimeException) ex;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Close this response - it will be finalized and underlying connections will be closed
     * or made available for another response.
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        closed = true;
        flushQueue();
    }

    /**
     * Get state information.
     *
     * Please note that {@code ChunkedOutput} can be closed by the client side - client can close connection
     * from its side.
     *
     * @return true when closed, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isClosed() {
        return closed;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("EqualsWhichDoesntCheckParameterClass")
    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        return this == obj;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = super.hashCode();
        result = 31 * result + queue.hashCode();
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ChunkedOutput<" + getType() + ">";
    }

    /**
     * Set context used for writing chunks.
     *
     * @param requestScope             request scope.
     * @param requestScopeInstance     current request scope instance.
     * @param requestContext           request context.
     * @param responseContext          response context.
     * @param connectionCallbackRunner connection callback runner.
     * @param asyncContext             async context value.
     * @param uriRoutingContext        URI routing context.
     * @throws IOException when encountered any problem during serializing or writing a chunk.
     */
    void setContext(final RequestScope requestScope,
                    final RequestScope.Instance requestScopeInstance,
                    final ContainerRequest requestContext,
                    final ContainerResponse responseContext,
                    final ServerRuntime.ConnectionCallbackRunner connectionCallbackRunner,
                    final Provider<AsyncContext> asyncContext,
                    final UriRoutingContext uriRoutingContext) throws IOException {
        this.requestScope = requestScope;
        this.requestScopeInstance = requestScopeInstance;
        this.requestContext = requestContext;
        this.responseContext = responseContext;
        this.connectionCallbackRunner = connectionCallbackRunner;
        this.asyncContext = asyncContext;
        this.uriRoutingContext = uriRoutingContext;
        flushQueue();
    }
}
